home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac 1990
/
1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
/
time
/
050189
/
05018900.025
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1990-09-17
|
4KB
|
74 lines
WORLD, Page 46ALLIANCEA Decision Not To DecideNATO gropes for answers to Gorbachev's arms initiatives
Soviet tanks were on the move in Eastern Europe last week --
and on the minds of the Western defense ministers who were in
Brussels to discuss NATO's next dilemma: whether and when to
modernize the alliance's remaining nuclear weapons. Some of the
armored divisions rumbling through East Germany and Hungary were
heading for assembly stations in preparation to go home, making
good on Mikhail Gorbachev's promise last December to remove 50,000
troops, 5,000 tanks and other conventional arms from Eastern
Europe.
The unilateral withdrawal is just the sort of act that prompts
critics to accuse NATO of being too sluggish and too cautious in
responding to Gorbachev's initiatives. Moreover, the spectacle of
departing troops, which Moscow intends to conduct with considerable
public fanfare, plays effectively to a European public ever more
willing to see the bright side of Gorbachev's promises.
The beleaguered government of West German Chancellor Helmut
Kohl is most vulnerable to these pressures. To stave off graver
trouble for Kohl, who faces an uphill battle for re-election in
December 1990, the U.S. and Britain reluctantly agreed to put off
until 1991 any decision about the future of the short-range (80
miles) Lance nuclear missile. Public opinion in West Germany
solidly opposes replacing the U.S.-made Lance with a newer missile
capable of hitting targets 280 miles away. "It's doubtful the Kohl
government could survive next year's elections if it is associated
with a decision to deploy a new generation of short-range nuclear
systems," observed a senior British official. And Kohl would
probably likely be succeeded by an even stronger antinuclear
government led by left-of-center Social Democrats and Greens.
Both the U.S. and Britain are eager to proceed with
modernization of NATO's diminished nuclear arsenal. But neither
wants to force a confrontation that would hurt Kohl. So the
communique signed by the ministers was a masterpiece of
double-talk, reaffirming NATO's determination to maintain an
up-to-date nuclear capability but setting no date for deploying the
new missile. The ambiguous Brussels agreement was enough, however,
to permit American Defense Secretary Dick Cheney to proceed with
a two-year budget request for $150 million for research and
development of a new weapon.
The postponement of a deployment decision only serves to
highlight what is increasingly apparent: Lance is a symbol of a
much broader trend toward the complete denuclearization of NATO.
Gorbachev set the stage for debating this several weeks ago, when
he proposed opening talks on reducing the remaining short-range
nuclear arsenals in Europe. The U.S. adamantly opposes the timing,
arguing that conventional arms talks, which have just begun, must
be wrapped up first. But the West German government is under
enormous pressure to persuade the Americans to agree to start
bargaining immediately for "equal but lower" levels of short-range
nuclear weapons. Some leading West Germans are even pushing for
eventual elimination of all short-range nuclear arms in NATO's
forward zones, something the U.S. categorically rejects on the
ground that without them, conflicts might break out more easily.
The Bonn government is so eager to overcome U.S. opposition to
these talks that it has dispatched Defense Minister Gerhard
Stoltenberg to Washington to plead Germany's cause. The U.S. would
rather Stoltenberg stayed home, since the Administration does not
intend to change its mind.
The political rumble from Gorbachev's tanks will be even more
audible once the withdrawal begins. The Soviets are cranking up
media coverage, complete with waving children and flowers tucked
in the muzzles of tank cannons. But NATO cannot simply ignore the
powerful allure of Gorbachev's challenge, despite its own
dissensions. The defense ministers have dodged confrontation for
now, but the ominous antinuclear trend will be less easily glossed
over when the top leaders return to Brussels for next month's
summit.